Don’t Talk to the Police

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Don't Talk to the Police


The Right to Remain Silent: A New Answer to an Old Question

Criminal Justice, Vol. 25, No. 2, 2010

3 Pages Posted: 1 Mar 2012 Last revised: 5 Mar 2012

James J. Duane

Regent University - School of Law

Date Written: February 2, 2012

Abstract

When a witness is summoned to testify before a grand jury or at a judicial or legislative proceeding, the lawyer for the witness frequently concludes that it may be in the client's best interest to assert the Fifth Amendment "right to remain silent," at least with respect to certain topics. The lawyer will often give the witness a card to read aloud when asserting that privilege. But precisely what words should the lawyer advise the client to read when invoking the Fifth Amendment privilege?

For more than 100 years, lawyers have shown surprisingly little imagination or ingenuity, advising their clients to state in almost exactly these words: "On the advice of counsel, I respectfully decline to answer on the grounds that it may tend to incriminate me."

This article explains why that unfortunate language is never in the best interests of the witness, and why it naturally tends to sound to most listeners as if the witness is somehow admitting that he cannot tell the truth without confessing that he is guilty of some crime. The article also points out that this archaic invocation is not required by either the language or the theory of the Fifth Amendment, nor by the most recent controlling Supreme Court precedents. The article concludes with a suggestion for an entirely new formulation for invoking the privilege, one which gives greater protection to the rights of the witness and also more faithfully captures what the Supreme Court of the United States has written about the nature of this precious constitutional privilege.

Keywords: Fifth Amendment, self-incrimination, right to remain silent

JEL Classification: K10, K14, K00, K19, K20, K39, K40, K42, K49, Z00, I00

Download the full text here. 

James J. Duane is a professor at Regent Law School in Virginia Beach and the National Trial Advocacy College at the University of Virginia School of Law, and was a visiting professor at William & Mary Law School in the fall of 2009. He is a member of the panel of Academic Contributors to Black’s Law Dictionary and the coauthor of Weissenberger’s Federal Evidence (6th ed. 2009).

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