M.K. BHADRAKUMAR—The bottom line is that the Gulf states’ core position toward Iran has not fundamentally changed — maintaining dialogue while strengthening deterrence — but the conditions under which it operates are shifting rapidly. Clearly, the Gulf region’s serious collective action problem needs to be overcome first before making a quantum leap toward developing a ‘NATO-like force’ as an alternative deterrent to the US security umbrella, which the war exposed to be to no purpose.
The significance of Pakistan’s participation remains unclear and lends itself to interpretation as the nascent thinking apropos a formal military alliance riveted on ‘Islamic partnership’ that takes strategic coordination beyond the Gulf region to contain Iran. Suffice it to say, Israel’s focus on energy and infrastructure as a new template of the war was anything but incidental.

